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WPCNR BAY WATCH. From National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration. June 30, 2010:
With a week, two swimmers have disappeared in surf off Long Island, being swept out to deep water by a riptide. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, there is definitely a strategy to extracating yourself from such a tide if you retain your composure.

In the most recently accident of Rockaway Beach this morning, there were signs posted on the beach explaining graphically exactly what to do if caught in a rip.

With thousands heading out to the Rockaways, the Hamptons, Fire Island, Jones Beach, Gilgo and Robert Moses State Park this weekend, on Long Island’s South Shore…notorious for it’s big surf and rip currents (due to its shallow water, parents should familarize themselves and instruct their teens and children what to do if caught in a rip current.

Here is what to do if you find yourself caught in a current taking you out into deep water over your head, and you cannot overcome the force of the rip.:
Rip currents are the most hazardous beach condition a swimmer can face. Not only on Long Island beaches, but anywhere there are breaking waves, the Great Lakes included.
Over 100 people drown in rip currents every year. The tragedy is compounded by the fact that rip currents are so very easy to avoid, and very easy to escape if you do happen to get caught up in one.
Rip currents are sometimes mistakenly referred to as riptides and undertow. These names are misnomers because although rip currents pull swimmers away from shore they have nothing to do with the tides and they do not pull swimmers under.
The real danger with rip currents is not that you’re getting pulled away from shore, but how you react.
Most swimmers will panic and try to swim against the current. They will tire quickly and soon go under.
The key to surviving a rip current is to swim out of it, not against it. This is done by swimming parallel to shore.
Since rip currents are fairly narrow you will be out of the “rip” in no time. You can either swim back to shore or let the waves help you back in.
What exactly is a rip current?
A rip current is a narrow stream of water traveling swiftly away from shore. Rip currents are formed when water piles up on the beach instead of flowing sideways away from the breaking waves as it normally does.
Eventually, so much water builds up that the pressure cuts a narrow path through the waves back out sea. The resulting current can be 30 to 100 feet wide and can move at speeds up to 5 miles per hour.
Rip currents are common around piers and jetties so it is wise to avoid swimming near these things.
Spotting rip currents
A rip current looks like a small river on the water’s surface flowing away from the beach. They are sometimes brownish and foamy and can flatten incoming waves making the sea look calm. Once past the breakers the current will disperse frequently forming a mushroom shape.
The danger
Rip currents kill by dragging swimmers out into deep water. While fighting to swim back to shore the swimmer becomes exhausted, can no longer stay afloat and drowns.
Many non-swimmers are caught in rip currents when standing in shallow water. The powerful rip currents knock them off their feet and carry them away. Since they don’t know how to swim they invariably drown.
If you don’t know how to swim but like to wade in the surf, please learn how to recognize rip currents and avoid them.
Surviving a rip current
- Never swim where there are no life guards.
- Before entering the water look around to see if you can spot any rip currents. If so, stay away from those areas.
- If you find yourself being pulled out to sea, don’t panic. You are caught in a rip current that you can swim out of. To get out of the rip swim parallel to shore. That is, swim so that the shore is either to your right or your left. Never swim against the current.
Original files for the following and other safety graphics are available from NOAA’s rip current graphics page (opens in new window)
Rip Current Safety Tips from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration:
Learn how to swim!
When at the beach:
- Whenever possible, swim at a lifeguard-protected beach.
- Never swim alone.
- Learn how to swim in the surf. It’s not the same as swimming in a pool or lake.
- Be cautious at all times, especially when swimming at unguarded beaches. If in doubt, don’t go out.
- Obey all instructions and orders from lifeguards. Lifeguards are trained to identify potential hazards. Ask a lifeguard about the conditions before entering the water. This is part of their job.
- Stay at least 100 feet away from piers and jetties. Permanent rip currents often exist along side these structures.
- Consider using polarized sunglasses when at the beach. They will help you to spot signatures of rip currents by cutting down glare and reflected sunlight off the ocean’s surface.
- Pay especially close attention to children and elderly when at the beach. Even in shallow water, wave action can cause loss of footing.
If caught in a rip current:
- Remain calm to conserve energy and think clearly.
- Never fight against the current.
- Think of it like a treadmill that cannot be turned off, which you need to step to the side of.
- Swim out of the current in a direction following the shoreline. When out of the current, swim at an angle–away from the current–towards shore.
- If you are unable to swim out of the rip current, float or calmly tread water. When out of the current, swim towards shore.
- If you are still unable to reach shore, draw attention to yourself by waving your arm and yelling for help.
If you see someone in trouble, don’t become a victim too:
- Get help from a lifeguard.
- If a lifeguard is not available, have someone call 9-1-1.
- Throw the rip current victim something that floats–a lifejacket, a cooler, an inflatable ball.
- Yell instructions on how to escape.
- Remember, many people drown while trying to save someone else from a rip current.